Love In Carol Ann Duffys Valentine English Literature Essay

Love In Carol Ann Duffys Valentine English Literature Essay Valentine and Sonnet 18 both investigate the subject of adoration. Scottish conceived writer, Carol Ann Duffy, composed Valentine in 1993 and William Shakespeare, a notable English artist of the time, composed Sonnet 18 out of 1609. The two sonnets research various parts of adoration; in any case, there are a few likenesses in the hidden messages and the artists perspective on affection just as contrasts. As in huge numbers of Duffys different sonnets, Valentine thinks about time, change and misfortune. She finds snapshots of comfort through adoration, memory and language. The sonnet is composed utilizing basic words however in a confounded manner. Then again, Sonnet 18 is written in a totally different language to what we know today yet its hidden message is as yet pertinent for todays world. The explanation Sonnet 18 is still so famous today is a result of Shakespeares capacity to catch the quintessence of adoration so neatly through his Sonnet. Both of the sonnets, hence, are gene ral. They can be said to apply to both the male and female genders; in any case, it is realized that Duffy is a gay and Shakespeare perhaps composed the sonnet for a man. In Sonnet 18 Shakespeare sees love as endless. The initial line offers a straightforward conversation starter Shall I contrast thee with a summers day. Shakespeare proceeds to state that late spring can be demolished By some coincidence, or natures changing course untrimmed however thy interminable summer will never fade㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. inasmuch as men can inhale, or eyes can see, So long carries on with this, and this offers life to thee. Shakespeare uncovers that adoration, everlasting summer, is progressively lasting then the season and, will never blur, in contrast to summer (excellence) itself, since summer is ruined by the incidental breezes and the inevitable difference in season: natures changing course untrimmed. so summer should consistently reach a conclusion however inasmuch as men can inhale or eyes can see love will never blur and it will keep on rejuvenating your life, offer life to thee. Shakespeare shows that genuine affection is endless in any event, when the magnif icence of that individual has gone, the adoration shared between the two individuals despite everything continues as before. Additionally, in Valentine, Duffy proposes that genuine affection is ceaseless, using an onion as an image of adoration. She utilizes an onion to give her sweetheart that her adoration is progressively unique, legitimate and valid. She says, Its wild kiss will remain all the rage, The savage kiss could be an analogy for adoration. This adoration is possessive and steadfast and will keep on being so for whatever length of time that we are. Duffy shows that when you have kissed somebody with a furious kiss, when you are infatuated, you will always remember the individual, as it will remain all the rage. This could be understood to show how when two individuals are infatuated, the affection they offer will never be overlooked. She says that adoration is possessive and unwavering, similar to Shakespeare, she exhibits how when you are in genuine affection you are dedicated to one another yet additionally you are possessive, this could be a constructive angle as it could demonstrate that y ou generally need to be around the other individual yet it could likewise appear, in contrast to Shakespeare, that adoration is can be a weight. She keeps on demonstrating the adverse of adoration by saying Lethal, Its aroma will stick to you like a blade, this shows she believes that affection is deadly as you cannot get path from the adoration you had or have for that individual. Valentine additionally contrasts from Sonnet 18 as it proceeds to state that affection will be possessive and faithful㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦for as long as we are Duffy is being reasonable as she makes an acknowledgment that this relationship may not keep going forever, Shakespeare neglects to make reference to this nonetheless, this could be on the grounds that it was written in an alternate time and numerous individuals didn't separate around then. Be that as it may, despite the fact that she is writing in a significant cruel and negative tone showing parts of affection we would not expect in an adoration, notw ithstanding, the sonnet despite everything runs over sentimental and honest. One of the fundamental topics in Valentine is the dismissal of conventional images of affection, for example, red roses or glossy silk hearts for an onion. She is reprimanding regular thoughts and futile efforts of adoration. Duffy utilizes single secluded lines to feature why she dismisses the traditional Valentines: Not a red rose or a glossy silk heartNot an adorable card or a kissogram. She accepts that these have stopped to be unique as they have been sent a great many occasions and have lost their significance. Duffy then proceeds to state why an onion would be a superior portrayal of adoration. It is a moon enclosed by earthy colored paper. The moon should oversee womens interests. The light which it guarantees might be the two its exacting splendor, that adoration can carry light to your life or a figurative comprehension of affection as though you were being edified. The expelling of the papery external layers recommends the physical part of affection, similar to the strippi ng of the individuals who get ready to have intercourse. Duffy gives her splendor as an artist by organizing the entire sonnet around this detailed and innovative expanded analogy. Shakespeare is likewise being extremely pessimistic about adoration. He exhibits that adoration isn't about excellence. He first says, thou craftsmanship all the more dazzling and calm (than a summers day), which outlines that the individual is more excellent than a summers day. Be that as it may, summers days are not generally so great: they are shaken by unpleasant breezes; and the sun regularly sparkles excessively blistering, or excessively diminish. Summer goes back and forth, hath very short a date, and it prompts the shriveling of fall, as each reasonable from reasonable at some point decreases. Yet, at that point Shakespeare goes onto state in the event that you are extremely infatuated thy everlasting summer will not blur, which shows that despite the fact that the people excellence has gone on account of the progression of time as the individual gets more seasoned, the people sweetheart can see past that as he is blinded by the adoration he has for that individual. Like Duf fy, Shakespeare sees that numerous individuals dont look past the regular thoughts of adoration; they dont consider what love truly is and what it involves. Correspondingly he gives us that affection can carry life to thee so love can give you another reason to your life and along these lines won't bite the dust. In Valentine, Duffy gives us some negative perspectives on affection and marriage. She keeps on utilizing the onion to depict her message. The onion resembles a darling since it makes one cry It will dazzle you with tears. This shows how being infatuated can make you exceptionally enthusiastic, this could be viewed as a negative viewpoint as she perhaps alluding to passionate strain of being seeing someone additionally it could be a positive, as the tears could be of happiness. Nonetheless, similar to Shakespeare, visually impaired may likewise recommend the conventional thought of adoration blinding you so this could likewise be a positive part of affection. The onion mirrors a misshaped picture of any individual who takes a gander at it, as though this reflection were a wobbling photograph. This proposes when you say a final farewell to somebody you love, you cry and lament, so your appearance in a mirror turns into a wobbling photograph of sorrow. Indeed, Duffy has been honest and has featured the things love can do to an individual. Actually, I locate this invigorating in an affection sonnet. She proceeds to discuss marriage, Its platinum circles shrivel into a wedding band, as the onion is a progression of concentric rings, each littler than the other until one finds a ring the size of a wedding band. She utilizes platinum, to feature that the ring is of marriage the same number of wedding bands are platinum. In any case, she inconspicuously includes in the event that you like this shows she feels that you needn't bother with union with show your adoration, this uncovers Duffys view to marriage as pointless as the tone recommends that she is stating on the off chance that you like in the event that it would keep you cheerful, indicating she would get hitched if the other individual needed to. Some may state this is a proposition, as though she needs to get hitched, notwithstanding in the event that it was there would be no compelling reason to put the line after on the off chance that you like. There is additionally a trace of a danger in the recommendation that the onion is deadly, as its fragrance will stick to your blade. Duffy shows how the blade, which cuts the onion, is set apart with its aroma, as though prepared to rebuff any treachery. ***** Notwithstanding, in Sonnet 18, Shakepeare doesn't give any negatives about adoration or marriage. He does cautions us about succumbing to somebody dependent on their looks, which could be a negative, yet nothing about separating or what love can do to somebody. Indeed, he does the inverse. He says to time thou growest which shows that over the long haul his adoration to the next individual develops. He says that adoration offers life to thee. Not at all like his past poems where Shakespeare has been attempting to persuade his darling to settle down and have kids, in Sonnet 18 Shakespeare this family life just because and acknowledges adores all-devouring energy. This topic proceeds in the remainder of his Sonnets. Then again, Duffy is against marriage as it appears she thinks it is pointless in the event that you truly love the other individual, there ought to be no compelling reason to get weds. By and by the erave someffect on the perspectives to marriage and love. As in the Elizab ethan time marriage was sene in whioch these were composed could h

Us Economy Essays (1668 words) - Taxation, , Term Papers

Us Economy Presentation How simple is it for littler representatives to accomplish the Aamerican dream. The most effective method to stop corporate mastery. The inquiry I posture to you Is the American Dream still attainable? The open door is there however for what select not many is the chance accessible to. In the event that the assets are out there yet I can't take advantage of the assets they rae of no utilization to me. (Make note of the way that we live in a market economy. Body Pretty much every meaning of the market in the word reference implies an oppurtunity as a spot where merchandise are purchased and sold.(cite dict.) As a deliberation, a market is the chance of offer. Merchandise discover a market, and we state there is a business opportunity for a administration or ware when there is an interest for it, which implies it can and will be sold. Markets are opened to the individuals who need to sell and an accommodation for those looking to purchase.(cite 2) The market speaks to conditions as respects, opportunity for, purchasing and selling.(cite 2) The market suggests offering and decision. The way a showcase economy works is that there are advertise pressures that produce for various items. The weights work one way for some time, and yet pressures are maturing that work the other way. As individuals look forward what's more, see there will be some benefit produced using their creation, they'll make choices to expand volume, for the most part recruiting more individuals, purchasing more materials, regularly offering up their costs. At the point when individuals are contending in a similar market, that tends to produce increasingly more weight toward development. And yet, as expenses and conceivably financing costs rise, compels start to work in the other bearing, against profits.(cite 1) the general population overall must get a considerable amount of the benefits. Macroeconomic changes ought to convert into a progressively proficient conveyance of open administrations, value, social government assistance and social security.(cite 3) The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) has discharged its discoveries on American living norms. The report, gave each other year on a decrease that begsn in the late-1970's. The EPI's report likewise battles that the Americans are working more for less cash in view of moderate development in compensation since 1989. As per the report, compensation in the base 80% of men have declined since 1989. The report additionally battles that 20% of ladies have encountered a decrease in trsl esgrd dincr the 1980's, a period in which wages fell yet family pay expanded on account of longer hours at work and expanded support of ladies in the workforce. Pundits declare that the report wrongly centers around declining compensation as a check to the salary of the American family. Such pundits discover spending an increasingly fitting methods by which to gauge income.(cite 4) One proposition would birng back the 10% salary reasoning for second workers that was wiped out in the Tax Reform Act of 1986.(cite 5) Under that rule, a couple with two workers can deduct from available salary 10 percent of the profit of the mate with the lower earnings(generally, the spouse) up to 30,000 of earnings.(cite 5) Since practically totally wedded working ladies procure under 30,000, this is proportionate to a 10 percent decrease in the spouse's minimal duty rate.(cite 5) To get a feeling of how substansial this counterbalance would be, think about a run of the mill white collar class two worker couple. The spouse procures 45,000 every year, and the wife acquires $15,000 per year by working 1,000 hours at $15 every hour. They pay charge at a negligible personal expense pace of 28 percent in addition to a finance expense of 7.65 percent.(cite 5) They likewise pay at a run of the mill state annual assessment pace of 5 percent.(cite 5) accordingly, the spouse's $15 every hour wage creates just a net of $8.90 per hour.(cite 5) If she didn't change her work, the reasoning would decrease her available profit from $15,000 to $13,500.(cite 5) With a negligible salary tac pace of 28 percent, that would cut her assessment installments by 420 for each year.(cite 5) That's the means by which the present strategy for income estimation would assess the income impact of the reasoning, a $420 income misfortune. Be that as it may, the 10 percent cut in her successful negligible annual duty rate (which would come about because of deducting 10 percent of her profit from available pay) would raise her net hourly bring home by somewhat less than 5 percent, from $8.90 every hour to $9.32 per hour.(cite 5) Statistical investigations of the work gracefully of

International Business and operations Management Essay

Universal Business and tasks Management - Essay Example In China there are many existing residential firms (more than 8,000) occupied with the creation and offer of rural hardware while a significant number of global trustworthy firms have made significant advances into the Chinese ranch apparatus advertise. To comprehend universal undertakings, Peng et al (2009) through their brought together global business system propose two methodologies in understanding worldwide business structures. These are the foundation based view whereby the outside endeavor firms targets building up a comprehension of the neighborhood business condition; and the asset based view in which the firm uses its upper hand like better innovation or items than increase a solid footing in the nearby markets. China as one of the quickest creating developing markets give a profoundly evolved potential market for horticultural hardware because of its huge populace and modest automated cultivating strategies thus is a feasible section point into the Asian area showcase. Worldwide key administration for the most part incorporates firms occupied with cross-outskirt exchange all inclusive that generally exploit neighborhood assets in assorted topographical areas to upgrade their efficiency and returns. Lessard (2003) has recognized four key structures that recognize these universal firms: geographic range of the specific business; the draw of the particular areas including the business sectors, assets, and the serious edge; maintaining of the worldwide system; and the degree of worldwide consolidation including the confined spread. The western and northern pieces of China anyway have not significantly delighted in the quick development experienced in different districts of the nation. The administration has in this manner subsequently gave motivating forces to remote firms keen on extending in these locales in type of brought down legal prerequisites and different instigations just as giving a great correspondence and

What Everyone Is Saying About Research Paper Writing Sites Is Wrong and Why

What Everyone Is Saying About Research Paper Writing Sites Is Wrong and Why Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Writing a thesis demands deep wisdom and pro-level research abilities. It is a gift that comes naturally. Research papers are designed to demonstrate a student's academic understanding of a subject. A thesis is a writing assignment which requires students to research a specific subject and finish an objective report for their findings. As a way to compose high-scoring and well-written reports, many learners not only have to review thesis requirements, but they might also want to review totally free thesis paper examples. Students should remain mindful that essays and term papers have their very own unique formats and varieties of content. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic. Life After Research Paper Writing Sites There are a lot of Web sites and sources that provide free essays online. Despite all the above searching methods, you might not be in a position to locate a totally free copy of the paper online. Links lead to other websites, where you might have to buy the info, but you can look for full-text articles only. You're able to use outside aid to proofread your work. All of these are positive. Some students search for term papers for free so they can use samples of term papers to produce their own documents. Other students may need absolutely free research papers so they may use the reports as drafts of their very own documents. You may easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. It is essential for students to take note that a thesis is a really specific kind of writing assignment. Many students search for a completely free research paper they can use as their own assignment draft or example of appropriate form and fashion. Other students may work with an on-campus writing center so as to discover total ly free papers that will enable them to increase their work. When you receive a work done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. Pick the inexpensive research writing service Students, who want to find decent research writing service free of charge, might look at dropping the idea. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work punctually. Ok, I Think I Understand Research Paper Writing Sites, Now Tell Me About Research Paper Writing Sites! The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline provided to you. When you've found the citation for a paper which is related to your advanced science undertaking, the next step is truly obtaining a copy so you may read it. Exchanging money for more time, if you want my opinion, is a good deal! By making use of a term paper as an example documents, learners can acquire a good idea about what a report appears like, what sort of content needs to be included, the way the document should flow, and what style a student should use if completing a report. Writing a quality academic paper within the deadline is not a simple endeavor for each and every student. Even supposing it's not a requirement, it's a great notion to compose a thesis statement as you start to organize your research. Its not an issue you'll be able to avoid. Ensure you work hard to meet up with the deadline. A research paper consists of original research results and it's usually published in academic journals. It is a valid piece of work and it is often used as a reference. You may need to do your research alone. In research, you must do independent research. Explore the regions where you have basic understanding. Many students utilize completely free research papers when they should learn about the format for a reference undertaking. Especially, around the planet, every research students attempt to ready the document. Top Research Paper Writing Sites Secrets There is admittedly that selecting an online writing business in Canada to work with can be an intimidating process. You are able to take our services with no worries and remain relaxed. Scholarly help is a relatively tricky market where deception can be found throughout the place.

Comparison of Saudi Aramco and Shell Free Essay Example, 5000 words

Market sizing Saudi Aramco is targeting over 77 countries in the world. In addition, it has the largest oil reserves. It has more than enough capability of targeting large markets. Market positioning Saudi Aramco is at a higher position is the market than Shell. It is owed to the capability of Saudi Aramco to sustain large markets because of its huge reserves. RBV Analysis Saudi Aramco has an integrated value of producing crude oil. It focuses on the skill, capacity and knowledge. Shell is focused on meeting their objectives, hence making it valuable. Their products are also difficult to imitate in the market. In addition, these companies are both well organized in the manner they conduct their operations. Value chain benchmarking Saudi Aramco considered to more valuable that Shell. It is based on the difference in market positions and the markets supplies by these companies. Saudi Aramco has made huge investments in oil exploration activities. Shell is a bit lower in power, but is has adopted the use of latest technologies to help it gain a competitive advantage in the industry. Leveraging international/National/Regional competitiveness Based on the country of operation, the companies need to align their strategies in line with the markets in those countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Saudi Aramco and Shell or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In USA, the companies should invest heavily in value addition on their products. In Asia, the oil companies are giving discounts on oil to their customers. SWOT Analysis Saudi Aramco has its strengths and weaknesses all evened out. It has a large market share. However, the oil reserves for oil and may run out at one point. These weaknesses are the same for all companies in this industry. Financial analysis tools Both companies are highly profitable because of the high of products that they sell. Oil is a major part of the world’s power source. For this reason, oil companies have large profit margins. ANALYSES Management Tools Business Model Saudi Aramco Shell Value Proposition Saudi Aramco has maintained a strong value proposition for achieving the goals that will influence the brand and it has adopted employer value proposition to attract its target group. The value proposition of Shell is that it provides best infrastructure and provides competitive return to its shareholders and to its customers and performing the social and environmental responsibility. They also provide fuel, chemicals, and lubricants for companies. Profit Model Saudi Aramco mainly contributes to around 86 % of the Government revenue.

Bipolar Disorder and the Creative Genius Essay - 2300 Words

Bipolar Disorder and the Creative Genius Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a psychopathology that affects approximately 1% of the population. (1) Unlike unipolar disorder, also known as major affective disorder or depression, bipolar disorder is characterized by vacillating between periods of elation (either mania or hypomania) and depression. (1, 2) Bipolar disorder is also not an illness that remedies itself over time; people affected with manic depression are manic-depressives for their entire lives. (2, 3) For this reason, researchers have been struggling to, first, more quickly diagnose the onset of bipolar disorder in a patient and, second, to more effectively treat it. (4) As more and more studies have been†¦show more content†¦A hypomanic episode must be a period of at least four days, during which the affected person feels elevated or irritated--a marked difference from the depressed period. (2, 7) The symptoms are: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talk ative than usual, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, distractibility, psychomotor agitation or an increase in goal-directed activity, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may have negative consequences. (2, 7) This change in mood is observable by others and medications, substance abuse, or another medical condition does not cause the symptoms. (7) In contrast to hypomania is mania, which is a more extreme case of hypomania. A manic episode is a period of an elevated or irritable mood for at least one week. (2, 7) The symptoms must cause problems in daily functioning and cannot be caused by a medical condition or drugs. 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Negative Effect of Female Socialization in an Essentially Male-Centric

Question: In this essay, it will be argued that freedoms and constraints exist over gender identities in a globalized world. The gendered effects of globalization in generating negative impacts on the lives of women and their families will be discussed. Then, the stereotypes and its impacts on women will be considered, as well as trying to determine what it means to be male or female in African culture. Lastly, the implication of gender role on Nigerian women will be investigated, by exploring a case study conducted by Omokhodion a sociologist at the University of Lagos. At this stage the constraints which exist over gender identity will be identified. Answer: The objective of the following essay is to argue that freedom and constraints both exist over gendered identities in a globalized world. Further, the essay also aims to discuss the negative effect of female socialization in an essentially male-centric world of Nigeria, and the vital role globalization plays in engendering negative impacts on the lives of these Nigerian women. Lastly, the implication of gender role on Nigerian women will be investigated, by exploring a case study conducted by Omokhodion a sociologist at the University of Lagos. At this stage the constraints which exist over gender identity will be identified. On the one hand, globalization has been beneficial for the Nigerian women, who because of its employment generating capacity, can now participate more freely in the workplace. But on the surface, though globalization seems to favor the development of the condition of Nigerian women, it has largely contributed towards creating a wider gap between the working men and women of Nigeria (Acker 2013). It is an undeniable fact that the gender bias exists and rather pre dominates the Nigerian workplace. Globalization might have offered job opportunity to the Nigerian women, bur the grim reality is that most of the Nigerian women are underpaid, or are engaged in unskilled work or are working in any unorganized sector, which does not promise any future benefit or social security to them (Heilman 2012). Nigeria which consists of as many as 350 ethnic groups, upholds and supports the ideology of patriarchy among all the people of various African communities (Omkhodian 2006). As a result, althoug h globalization is empowering the Nigerian women by making them self-reliant, it is at the same time causing much stress, fatigue and panic of losing job security among them( Jensen 1997). On the one hand, the Nigerian women are falling prey to underemployment and gender bias in their workplace; on the other hand, they are dejected over the gender discrimination they are daily encountering in their workplace (Holmes and Julain 2013). Mikkola (2009) claims that gender refers to an individuals knowledge of belonging to one sex or the other, and this gender consciousness is creating a terrible sense of pain and discontent among the Nigerian women, as they are facing gender discrimination daily in their workplace. Furthermore, the issue of gender inequality has been a problem in Nigeria, since a long time. According to Cohen and Kennedy (2013), traditional norms have ideologically established as well as promoted generalizations of the roles of each gender; and transgressing the same, has always been vehemently criticized. As a result, traditionally the Nigerian men were accustomed to be the independent, self-assertive and domineering authority of the household, while the Nigerian women have been traditionally taught to behave as if they were owned first by their father, then by their husband. Hence, women have always being marginalized in a male-centric Nigerian society, where only men have played the authoritative roles at home, and in community and the governmental bodies (Omokhodion 2006). Furthermore, it is quite interesting to note that the very way an individual perceives himself or herself, is largely determined by what he learns from his family (Wanna and Weller 2011). According to Bradley (1999), the family is the first unit of the society, which acquaints a child with the social and ideological values of the particular society. Hence Cohen and Kennedy (2013) states that a child learns about the traditional gender role from his family, and it is from here, that a child forms opinion about what his or her role should be, in future. Keeping this in consideration, a Nigerian family is essentially a family based on patriarchal values, which does not acknowledge any power or right of a woman. Omokhodian (2006), a sociologist in the University of Lagos, has claimed that in a Nigerian household, the Nigerian man has been the only bread-winner, who boasts of his strength, power, and intelligence. Having enjoyed the authoritative position in the household for a long time, a Nigerian man has always been believed to be way better than the Nigerian women, who are believed to lack the skill, competence and bravado of the former. Fagan (2006) has highlighted the fact that women who have mostly sacrificed their lives for the benefit and well-being of the male members of the family, have been socialized into believing that they are essentially gentle, self-sacrificing, meek and emotional creatures, whose happiness in life lies in serving the male members of the family. According to Omokhodion (2006), these gender stereotypes within the Nigerian society, has largely impeded the personal success and achievement of the Nigerian women, who have believed over the years, that they should never transgress or question the gender roles assigned to them, over the years. Much discussion has been done over the issue of female unemployment and consequent female poverty, but the question is, what the exact root cause behind the same is. It is not the lack of professional competence that makes the woman lag behind in a Nigerian society. Rather, there is a terrible lack of access to education and the basic resources of life, which makes the Nigerian women jobless (Jensen 1997). In a world of patriarchy which celebrates the dominance and unquestionable power of men, women are denied the fundamental right of education in Nigeria, says Omokhodion ( 2006, pp144). This process of constantly marginalizing women, as well as ignoring their basic rights and needs, has led to the creation of a wide socio-economic gap between the Nigerian men and the Nigerian women. Fagan (2006) has further argued that in absence of sufficient employment opportunities for the Nigerian women, many of the Nigerian women, are suffering from lack of economic security. Yet, even in the p resent era of globalization, reports suggest that in many families, a Nigerian daughter is compelled to work, at any earlier age, only to support the education of the male members of the family ( Omokhodion 2006). According to Otibhor ( 2013), even if some women are employed, due to lack of proper educational guidance, they are being mistreated and terribly exploited in their workplaces. Thus, gender discrimination in Nigeria, as a whole, has a disastrous impact on the well-being of the Nigerian women. Holmes and Julian (2013) claims that a citizen of any country should have rights in three dimensions- social, legal and civil dimensions. Even Homeless et al (2013), a citizen is defined by his right of having a right. However, the alarming condition of Nigerian women reveals a different story. According to Omokhodion (2006), although the Nigerian women have been enjoying social, legal as well as civil rights, since the year of 1994. However, he says that their right of leading a normal, healthy life is being totally denied because of the huge rate of domestic violence being perpetrated on them. Omokhodion (2006) also argues that the number of instances of domestic violence on women in Nigeria is remarkably high. A research conducted by the CLEEN foundation, discovered that out of every 3 respondents, at least 1 respondent in Nigeria have admitted of being physically and mentally abused by their spouses. Further, the traditional norms of Nigerian community also supports the right of a male member, hitting and punching a female one, for the sake of disciplining her. Further, Fagan (2006) has pointed out that the traditional way of living of the Nigerian men has led to the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Even Uzukuvu (2002) has agreed to this opinion, by further stating that current studies show that a huge number of Nigerian people are being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. In fact, Uzukuvu maintains that this spread of HIV/AIDS disease is mainly the result of the violent attitude of the Nigerian men towards the women, whereby they prevent the Nigerian women, from having safe sexual relation with them. According to the Demographic and Health Survey of the year 2008, more than 30.5 % of the Nigerian women are sexually abused and have forced sexual relations. In the light of these circumstances, many Nigerian womens lives are adversely affected, and many of them are affected with sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS (Fagan 2006). Cohen and Kenned (2013) have defined the concept of globalization, as the process of the integration of the economic, commercial and social spheres of the different regions across the globe. Nigeria as a country has also not remained detached from the emerging concept of globalization. If the study of Omokhodion (2006) and that of Garba (1997) is to be believed, globalization has not at all favored the condition of Nigerian women. Rather, as Garba (1997) states that the whole process of globalization has further helped in expanding further the gender inequality in the country. With the emergence of globalization, there was an emergence of urbanization, whereby various new enterprises started getting established, hiring both men as well as women in Nigeria. However, although employed, the Nigerian women are immensely exploited, as they are hired at a much lower payscale, are offered much lesser or rather no job security at all. Further, in Nigeria the women have to pay higher taxes th an the men, resulting in a huge poverty existing among the women. It is equally an indisputable fact that in case of 80% of the Nigerian women, a major part of the income is spent in solving family issues. Acker (2004) claims that although women are being assigned with extremely responsible tasks in their workplaces, they have to be content with low pay scale and mediocre job rank. As a result of such glaring instances of gender inequality, Nigeria as a nation has terribly failed to achieve economic sustainability, as compared to other developing nations. In fact, it is important to note down, that no country can achieve economic sustainability, unless it provides equal opportunity to both the genders. However, globalization which literally unifies the different regions of the world also has had a very impressive effect on the Nigerian women. Moghadam (2005) maintains that one of the most important contributions of globalization, has been the emergence of the Feminist movement in Nigeria. This Feminist Movement, has inspired the Nigerian women, to achieve equality in each and every sphere of life, and has taught them to become self-dependent (Muller and OCallanghan 2013). Moghadam (2005) maintains that the globalization has taught many of the Nigerian women, the importance of self-sufficiency, as a result of which many of them are now established and at least some of them enjoying powerful position in their workplaces. This self-reliance of the Nigerian women, has allowed these women gain access to the economic resources, and other privileges of life, without asking for the consent from the male members of the family. Further, Omokhodion (2006) has pointed out that globalization le ads to the exchange of information among the countries, and also helps one country explore the culture of other countries. With a result the spread of globalization, the Nigerian women, have grown more aware of the female rights and the idea of women empowerment. Further, this has also helped in the enforcement of several anti-discrimination laws in Nigeria. Fagan (2006) maintains that the enforcement of such laws has largely helped in reducing the instances of sexual abuse or domestic violence in the families of Nigeria, and has also motivated the women to enjoy economic independence, by participating in the workforce. Although some critics and researchers have cited instances of exploitation resulting from globalization, Moghadam (2005) has pointed out that globalization has helped in employment generation in Nigeria. He maintains that getting low salary is at east better than remaining unemployed. For this reason, Moghadam has argued that since globalization has helped the Nigeri an women gain easier access to jobs, globalization does create a sense of freedom among the women of Nigeria. In conclusion, it can be said that globalization in Nigeria, has created both a sense of constraint as well as gender, as far as the issue of gender identity is concerned. On the one hand, if globalization has led to exploitation of the female workers, on the other hand, it has also helped to reduce the same, by creating greater awareness among the masses. Further, it has also helped the Nigerian women assume an active, participatory role in life, rather than being just a passive recipient of male abuse and humiliation. Reference List: Acker, J 2004 'Gender, Capitalism and Globalization', Critical Sociology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 17-41. Bradley, H 1999, Gender and power in the workplace: analyzing the impact of economic change, Macmillan [u.a.], Basingstoke [u.a.]. Cohen, R Kennedy, P (2007) Global Sociology 2nd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndsmills, Chapter 2, pp. 43 65 Fagan, GH 2006 'Gender, culture and development: a South African experience', The European journal of development research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 93-109. Freeman, DA 2008, Domestic violence, Ashgate, Burlington, VT. Germon, JE 2009, Gender, Palgrave Macmillan, viewed 21 Oct 2013, Heilman, ME 2012 'Gender stereotypes and workplace bias', Research in organizational behavior, vol. 32, no. [*ISSUE MISSING*], pp. 113-135. Holmes, D Hughes, K Julian, R (2013) Australian Sociology: A Changing Society Custom Copy for Sarah Hattam, Pearson Education Australia Pty Ltd, New South Wales, Chapter 4: Ethnicity and Immigration. Jensen, R 1997 'PATRIARCHAL SEX', International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 17, no. 1/2, pp. 91-115. Mikkola, M 2009 'Gender concepts and intuitions', Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 559. Moghadam, VM 2005, Globalizing women: transnational feminist networks, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Muller, N O'callaghan, C 2013 'Feminisms', The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 23. Omokhodion, JO 2006 'Globalization, gender equity and local identity in Nigeria', Ekistics, vol. 73, no. 436-441, pp. 277. Roeske, NA Banet, AG 2009 'GENDER IDENTITY', Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 132-156. Wanna, J Weller, P 2011 'THE IRREPRESSIBLE ROD RHODES: CONTESTING TRADITIONS AND BLURRING GENRES', Public Administration, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 1-14.

Gilgamesh vs the Genesis Essay Example

Gilgamesh vs the Genesis Essay The Great Floods: Gilgamesh vs. The Genesis The epic story of Gilgamesh talks about a great flood that covered the whole world. Isn’t it strange that this story seems to mirror that of the great flood in the Book of Genesis? These two stories contain general similarities but when comparing the minute details, they are very different. The story of Gilgamesh was written around 2000 B. C. , many years before the Genesis story in about 400 B. C. The writers of the bible probably knew of the flood in Gilgamesh’s story but revised it so as to fit with their own worldview and history. They most likely intended the original story with their own mythology. Despite the many similarities between the two stories, the differences are revealed in a number of different lines that distinguish the two versions from each other. In both versions of the flood, something angers the gods (in Gilgamesh) and God (in Genesis). â€Å"The uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible by reasons of the babel. The reasoning for the flood in Gilgamesh seems very irrational. The Gods decide to destroy mankind because there are too many people in the world and they are making too much noise. We will write a custom essay sample on Gilgamesh vs the Genesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gilgamesh vs the Genesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gilgamesh vs the Genesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It seems that the gods didnt think over their decision wisely. Being they are the gods, one would think they possess the power to come do a different means of resolving this problem instead of just destroying mankind. In Genesis, there is a much more acceptable reason for God to eliminate mankind. The humans are so wicked and evil that It repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart (Gen. 6:6). He says: I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth. . . (Gen. 6:7). God destroys mankind because it has become evil and corrupt within. This is not a quick irrational decision on the part of God, but a very well thought out and logical decision. It is definitely much better reason for the destruction of the human race. Another major difference is something that most often is overlooked by many people; the presence of demi-gods and great heroes during this time period. In the story of Gilgamesh, the gods allow half-god half-human beings to exist on earth. They were still apart of the Golden Age, which was presided over by Saturn. This was when the final structures of the Olympian Gods, men, animals, and the underworld were still being risen up. Great heroes like Gilgamesh, even though he came much later, still existed. In Genesis the Golden Age was completely over. There are no more heroes that were alive on the earth. These giants in the earth (Gen. 6:4) were the sons of God and of the daughters of men, but they were only men of renown in the old days (Gen. 6:4). These giants in the earth had become earlier and were destroyed long before the flood happened. A very important similarity is how many people the gods in Gilgamesh and God in Genesis choose to save from the flood. In both stories one good man, Utnapishtim (from Gilgamesh) and Noah (from Genesis, is saved and chosen to build an ark or boat. In Gilgamesh, Ea warns Utnapishtim in a dream that he must help the human race survive. In Genesis, God decides to destroy everyone but Noah, who found grace in the eyes of the Lord (Gen. 6:8). Noah becomes the source of salvation for the creation of man in the future. He is also the symbol of Gods mercy and grace. Both these men are symbols that God and Ea want the good in mankind to survive. By doing this they give the human race a chance to survive. Another major difference between the two stories is how the floods began and how the whole event ended up. In both a great storm rages and wipes out everyone and everything except the passengers onboard the boat/ark. In Gilgamesh, the gods cry and that creates the incredibly destructive flood. The great gods of heaven and hell wept. The rains last for 6 days and 6 nights in the Gilgamesh version, and finally when the waters receded the boat landed on Nisir. The boat is on the mountain for seven days. This is one of many instances where the number 7 is used in context to the flood stories. It is a mystical number symbolizing when gods and men interact. In Genesis, God sends down the flood with his divine power. After seven days the waters of the flood were upon the earth (Gen. 7:10). Here the number 7 is used again for the interaction of God and Noah. The rain lasts a lot longer in the Genesis version then in the Gilgamesh story. The rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights (Gen. 7:12). As the waters receded, the ark landed on Mt. Ararat. It is here for approximately two and a half months more until the other mountain tops surface. In both stories you have the same basic storyline, but as one can see the smaller details are much different. In both stories when the ark or boat is floating around the endless sea, Noah and Utnapishtim send out birds. Utnapishtim sends out hree different birds while Noah sends only two out. First, Utnapishtim sends out a dove but it returns. The same thing happens when he sends out a swallow. Finally when he sends out the raven it finds land and eats, so it does not return. I loosed a dove but finding no resting-place she returned then I loosed a swallow, and she flew away but finding no resting-place she returned I loosed a raven and she did not come back. Noah sends out a raven once but i t doesn’t find land. He sends out a dove twice and the second time it does not return. The two men send these out in order to find land. Each one of these birds has a significant meaning. The swallow lives around farms and it is sent out to find dry land for agriculture. In Genesis, the dove brings back an olive branch, and that symbolizes peace. Peace would mean that the punishment by God has finally ended. Ravens were looked upon as the messengers of the Gods. It only makes sense that the messenger of the gods in the Gilgamesh version helps Utnapishtim find land. In both versions of the story birds that represent certain good things in life were used. The final main similarity between the two stories comes at the end. Noah and Utnapishtim both show proper reverence to the gods and are rewarded. Utnapishtim offers a sacrifice to the gods, but Enlil becomes very angry because he is excluded from this sacrifice and that Utnapishtim escaped his wishes for all man to be destroyed. Ea convinces Enlil that Utnapishtim escaped on his own and then Enlil grants Utnapishtim the gift of immortality. In the Genesis story, God orders Noah to leave the ark. Noah then gives god a sacrifice. God makes the first covenant of the Hebrew Bible with Noah. Then finally, in both versions a sign is given to show that the gods and God wont destroy the earth in a flood ever again; a rainbow in Genesis and a necklace in the story of Gilgamesh. When comparing the stories of the flood within the Story of Gilgamesh and The Genesis, one can find many similarities and differences. The way these two stories portray comparisons within each other show how stories are carried throughout history and are adapted by the people of that time to fit their history and worldviews.

3 Clarifications Thanks to Commas

3 Clarifications Thanks to Commas 3 Clarifications Thanks to Commas 3 Clarifications Thanks to Commas By Mark Nichol The omission of commas in a sentence can damage its comprehensibility. Employed according to the statement’s structural requirements, they clarify the syntax and therefore the meaning. Here are three sentences repaired with the assistance of one or two of these punctuation marks. 1. â€Å"Egyptian boys held posters of Ahmed Hussein Eid who was fatally stabbed by three bearded men during his funeral procession.† One might misread this photo caption and come away with the impression that the victim was stabbed during his funeral procession. However, the subject of the image is boys in a funeral procession carrying posters of the victim; the explanation of the victim’s fate is parenthetical nonessential to the sentence and should thus be set off by commas: â€Å"Egyptian boys held posters of Ahmed Hussein Eid, who was fatally stabbed by three bearded men, during his funeral procession. 2. â€Å"Several job schedulers like Quartz and Flux are available on the market.† This sentence reads as if Quartz and Flux have already been mentioned, which is not the case. Because they are being introduced, the phrase in which they are mentioned should be parenthetical: â€Å"Several job schedulers, like Quartz and Flux, are available on the market.† Better yet, though like is often interchangeable with â€Å"such as,† in this case, the latter choice is the preferable one. 3. â€Å"The State Senate voted 29 to 5 to approve a revised version of the deal, and a few hours later, the State Assembly also passed the updated legislation by a vote of 54 to 12.† This sentence is contradictory: It states that that one legislative body passed a bill by a particular vote, and then adds that another group did the same thing passed a bill with a certain split of yes and no votes but then provides a different vote result. The statement thus needs to be amended to indicate that the simple outcome passage of the bill was replicated, but that the initial vote was not. The solution? Insertion of a comma that changes the meaning by setting the second vote count off from the rest of the sentence: â€Å"The State Senate voted 29 to 5 to approve a revised version of the deal, and a few hours later, the State Assembly also passed the updated legislation, by a vote of 54 to 12.† Or, more elegantly, transform the appended parenthetical phrase into an interjected one by moving it to an earlier position: â€Å"The State Senate voted 29 to 5 to approve a revised version of the deal, and a few hours later, the State Assembly also passed, by a vote of 54 to 12, the updated legislation.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsConfusing "Passed" with "Past"Epidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Assignment - Essay Example In addition, they wanted to dictate others’ rights and interests, but did not want others to dictate and control their rights and interests. That is, white national group (including all Whites in South Africa) never wanted to surrender its right of political self-determination, or share political rights with Non-White. (). Instead they wanted to determine and restrict the rights of the majority non-white people and that formed the philosophical basis of Apartheid. So, apartheid short-circuited the multi-culturality of the South African society and in many respects alienated their philosophical reflection from its immediate context. (). Apartheid came to an end because of both internal as well as external factors. One of key factor which put an end was the opposition against Apartheid by not only the non-White people but also by certain sections of the White people. With opposition from all sections, the minority white government started to have second thoughts on continuing Apartheid. Then, there was intense external pressure particularly from Western countries, civil rights groups and even business organizations. With many protectionist and communist regimes like Soviet Union disintegrating and more countries adopting democracy, there was more pressure on the South African government to abolish Apartheid and call for free and fair democratic elections. Many business organizations from Western countries operating in South Africa were pressurized to stop and leave from there. In addition, South African companies’ products were boycotted in foreign countries. Thus, lack of business flow negatively impacted th e South African economy. â€Å"By the 1980s the economy in general and the manufacturing sector in particular showed signs of stagnation. The investment rate dropped from being one of the highest in the world--22.3% in 1964 to 16% in 1991† (). Thus, these social

Engineering manager doing research and analysis Coursework

Engineering manager doing research and analysis - Coursework Example This will need conscious effort from the student but is very effective. Practices like switching to eco-friendly bulbs, switching off electrical appliances when not in use, use of eco-friendly alternatives in everyday life contribute to the conversation of energy. Also use of recyclable and reusable products are advised as this reduces the waste that goes into the environment. Products that cannot be reused must be boycotted on the campus by the students. Students must get actively involved making their campus greener ad eco-friendly. Plants can be grown on the rooftops of dorm and apartment buildings. Waste reduction and management will also help to keep the campus clean and greener. Conscious effort in commuting can also be an effective go green initiative. Riding bikes, using mass transport options, alternative vehicles and energy, etc will reduce the stress that transport puts on the environment. Video conferencing can be used as an effective tool for communication in the campus and wherever possible. Use of paper must be reduced and softcopies of documents must be used as an alternative to printouts. These practices as a whole will help reducing overall carbon footprint of the student body. Introduction With global warming reaching alarming figures, it has now become a major global concern. There is a need for immediate action in order to curb global warming and reduce its effects on the environment. The governments, organizations, companies, institutions worldwide have woken up to the fact that there needs to take measures sooner than later to fight global warming. Going green or eco-friendly is now the most important social responsibility. This report is a recommendation plan to the University of Greenwich on various green strategies that it can adopt to enable students studying in the university to go green. Various green strategies and practices have been analysed. There are numerous green strategies such as water and electricity conservation, acquisit ion of alternate fuel vehicles for communication inside the campus, recycling, water preservation, green building, green power, waste diversion, reduction of emission of green house gases, green space and ecosystems.etc. But in this report only those strategies are suggested that will enable the students studying in the University to go green. Practice Energy Conservation This is the most simple of solutions and the one that is most difficult and neglected. Students must try to conserve energy wherever possible. Use less energy wherever possible. Switch the old fashioned light bulbs to latest one which saves energy. Use alternate energy wherever possible. Small steps like switching off your computers, lights and other electric equipment when not in use when practiced by a large number of people, in this case students, make a huge difference. Even setting the computer in sleep mode when not in use can save a lot of energy. Products that have eco-friendly alternative must be purchased even if it would be a little costlier as it will pay off in a long run (Swallow, 2009). For example, energy start products contribute to the cause. Items that are not being used such as appliances, cell phone chargers must be unplugged. Even though they are not being used, they draw electricity from the outlets (Carnegie Mellon, 2012). All students must be introduced to the various ways on conserving energy on a day-to-day basis and must

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay Example for Free

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay The Arab-Israeli War was an armed conflict initiated by the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria against Israel on October 6, 1973 in an effort to reclaim territories that Israel had controlled since the Six Day War of 1967. The date holds special significance to the Jewish calendar, being Yom Kippur, hence this war is also known as the Yom Kippur War. Though Israel was caught by surprise and experienced severe losses during the war, assistance from the United States military led to a cease-fire less than three weeks later. In the aftermath, Israel retained its territories and its aftermath had far ranging effects on the geopolitics of the Middle East. First, the victory of Israel had an uplifting effect on its population. Its military had been seen to have grown largely complacent following the Six Day War. However, despite initial defeats, they managed a successful turnaround of the Yom Kippur War’s outcome. As such, despite the surprise advantage of Egypt and Syria they had regained the upper hand in less than two weeks, though at a high cost in casualties. In effect, Israel woke up to the reality that their military supremacy in the region was not absolute. (Rabinovich 498) Second, by granting support to Israel, the United States invited the ire of oil-producing Arab states. This manifested itself in the actions of Saudi Arabia, which not only reduced its oil production but declared an embargo against the United States. Saudi Arabia was later joined by other oil-producing Arab states and together they extended their embargo against other import dependent nations in Western Europe as well as Japan. The result was the 1973 energy crisis that sent oil prices spiraling past $60 per barrel and close to $100 per barrel in 1979. (Smith 329) Third, on the geopolitical front, enemy states of Israel concluded in the aftermath that they could not defeat it by force, and thus turned towards diplomatic tactics in antagonizing it. The effect was that many African and Third World nations, under pressure from the Arab states, broke their diplomatic ties to Israel. Works Cited No author. â€Å"The 1973 Yom Kippur War. † Anti-Defamation League, 1999. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from: http://www. adl. org/ISRAEL/record/yomkippur. asp Smith, Charles. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York, NY: Bedford, 2006. Rabinovich, Abraham. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle eAst. New York, NY: Shocken Books, 2005. Rabinovich, Abraham [2005]. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 0 8052 4176 0. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York: Bedford, 2006, p. 329.

The Pilgrimage to Cathedral of Compostela :: Religion

The Pilgrimage to Cathedral of Compostela In the twelfth century one the most popular destinations for pilgrimages was to the city of Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain. The shrine of St. James the Great is in the Cathedral of Compostela and it is what attracted so many people. The saint's shrine was believed to be a healing shrine for all sorts of problems. The religious relics that the Cathedral contained held a special power for the pilgrims by curing them of their problems. The pilgrims used the road to Santiago as a test of their faith and love for God. At the same time that they were testing their religious devotion they were also contributing to generating massive information. The pilgrims were creating and recycling information and taking that information on the road to more people. Two ways that the pilgrims were putting information out was by visiting the shrines on the way to the cathedral and at the actual Cathedral of Compostela and through the book of Codex Calixtinus. A pilgrimage was essentially a course of movement along a sequence of shrines along a road until one reached a final destination (usually a large cathedral or religious site). Besides the remission of sin, a reason for a person to go on a pilgrimage was to search for the renewal of physical or mental health. In the twelfth century, there was a deeply rooted belief in Christians that plague, leprosy, fever, migraines; even toothaches were all caused by sins. A doctor did not heal the person as well as saint could and thus, pilgrimages were occurring all the time. Not just people who were ill went on the pilgrimage, people seeking religion or adventure also set out on the road of Compostela. The pilgrims that were on the road to Santiago came from a wide variety of backgrounds. The route of Compostela became literally a cultural highway. The pilgrims "founded churches, monasteries, and hospitals; they robbed and killed, composed stories, legends, poems and songs, and slept rough in the hostels provided for them" (Tate, Pg. 1). Most importantly, the pilgrims talked. They talked about St. James, about the church, and about their different ideas and beliefs. By doing so they were exchanging information that otherwise would not be available to them. They talked about the history pertaining to St. James and at the same time learned through the shrines themselves at the Cathedral about the Moors, Charlemagne and other historical figures. The Pilgrimage to Cathedral of Compostela :: Religion The Pilgrimage to Cathedral of Compostela In the twelfth century one the most popular destinations for pilgrimages was to the city of Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain. The shrine of St. James the Great is in the Cathedral of Compostela and it is what attracted so many people. The saint's shrine was believed to be a healing shrine for all sorts of problems. The religious relics that the Cathedral contained held a special power for the pilgrims by curing them of their problems. The pilgrims used the road to Santiago as a test of their faith and love for God. At the same time that they were testing their religious devotion they were also contributing to generating massive information. The pilgrims were creating and recycling information and taking that information on the road to more people. Two ways that the pilgrims were putting information out was by visiting the shrines on the way to the cathedral and at the actual Cathedral of Compostela and through the book of Codex Calixtinus. A pilgrimage was essentially a course of movement along a sequence of shrines along a road until one reached a final destination (usually a large cathedral or religious site). Besides the remission of sin, a reason for a person to go on a pilgrimage was to search for the renewal of physical or mental health. In the twelfth century, there was a deeply rooted belief in Christians that plague, leprosy, fever, migraines; even toothaches were all caused by sins. A doctor did not heal the person as well as saint could and thus, pilgrimages were occurring all the time. Not just people who were ill went on the pilgrimage, people seeking religion or adventure also set out on the road of Compostela. The pilgrims that were on the road to Santiago came from a wide variety of backgrounds. The route of Compostela became literally a cultural highway. The pilgrims "founded churches, monasteries, and hospitals; they robbed and killed, composed stories, legends, poems and songs, and slept rough in the hostels provided for them" (Tate, Pg. 1). Most importantly, the pilgrims talked. They talked about St. James, about the church, and about their different ideas and beliefs. By doing so they were exchanging information that otherwise would not be available to them. They talked about the history pertaining to St. James and at the same time learned through the shrines themselves at the Cathedral about the Moors, Charlemagne and other historical figures.

Tutankhamen was not a very influential Pharaoh

Tutankhamen was not a very influential Pharaoh. However his tomb has revealed significant information about the New Kingdom Egypt. When Tutankhamen moved the court back to Thebes, he turned his back to the Reforms of Amarna period. He was at a very young age therefore his decisions must have been under the advice of someone. ROLE OF THE PHARAOH The Pharaoh had many objectives throughout his life on the throne. These activities included keeping order of his people, religion and had many roles as a warrior and a ruler. Akhenaton’s religious beliefs did not last. His was where seen as heretic. When Tutankhamen came into power, within 10 years he restored all beliefs in the gods that Akhenaten ignored. This put all his followers behind him and gained him respect. This can be illustrated through the decorations in Tutankhamun’s tomb. He was seen with various gods, which depicted he believed in number of gods that Akhenaten did not. Further more there were drawings and pictures of the god Hapi and statues of the gods Isis, Nephthys, Serqet and Neith protecting the body of the king. It was important that the Pharaoh had strong relation with the gods and his religion. This showed a power within the pharaoh and provided loyalty by the people of the kingdom. He also had to be a ruler and keep his people in order. He did this through entertainments such as hunting. Evidence of this is found on his chest when he is hunting for animals. Hunting was a way of entertainment and to keep people please in the New kingdom Egypt. Hunting wild animals showed that there was none greater than the pharaoh. This secured his people’s belief and trust in him. There are also statues of the god of Water and Fertility (Hapi). This is an indication that Tutankhamen believed in this god. Therefore the fertility and wealth of the kingdom must have been good. The people of the kingdom had the pharaoh to thank to as a living god. MILITARY Tutankhamen was seen as a warrior in various drawings of him in his tomb. He was seen as a ruler and Ma’ar of the kingdom. Infact he is seen wearing the blue war crown of a pharaoh to indicate his relation with war and hunting. His rule over war and military is also demonstrated in the painting on the sides of his treasure chest, showing him either hunting wild animals or in battle. In the scene he is seen has fighting in a battle on his chariot, with his bow and arrows, he is shown has huge however his enemies much smaller. Tutankhamen was a great influence to his people in war. His ruling power was shown through his mask, which states him as a pharaoh. The mask is made of pure gold and has the two protective animals in it, the cobra and the vulture. However, Tutankhamen has never been involved in a war himself as there is no evidence of any battles. EGYPTIAN SOCIETY Fashion, food, economies, entertainment and fundamental living ways were very advanced and crucial in the Egyptian Society. The Egyptians usually wore white clothing, because white sustained coolness while black sustained heat. Their clothing was made from the stem of the flax plant. The clothing was a symbol of wealth as poor people and workers usually walked around naked and lived naked. Clothing also showed a man’s rank in the society, this depended on how elaborate his kilt was. Kings, gods and higher-class rulers usually wore colourful clothing this showed that they were noble and rich. Therefore clothing performed the role of symbolism for wealth, rank and importance in the society. However as well as clothing, fashion was very crucial. In Tutankhamen’s tomb, there are bottles of perfumes made from pure coconut oil. This shows the class and quality of the society and it had already advanced to perfumes and make up. The pharaoh had all sorts of skin care in his tomb for after life. There was also food and water provided in Tutankhamen’s tomb for his travel, which indicated the type of food consumed. There was also money provided in the tomb, which indicated the type of currency used. The Egyptian life stile was unique and advanced to all other. Tomb of Tutankhamen help is illustrate the needs of Egyptian society and its unique fundamentals. BURIAL CUSTOMS The burial customs of the ancient Egypt is very complex and symbolic. There are 3 aspects of a soul that the Egyptians believed in, the Kha, the Ba and the Akh. The mummification and burial of the pharaoh was crucial for the soul to keep safe and alive. The Egyptians would mummify someone in the belief that the body would be needed in the after life. The first process was the remove all moisture from the body so the body would not decay. After that his stomach, intestines and liver would be removed and put into special alabaster containers. The heart was left in the body as it would be needed to be weighted in the afterlife. The body then would be wrapped up with over 143 items such as amulets and jewellery to protect the pharaoh in the afterlife. There is proof of the process painted on the walls of Tutankhamen’s tomb. The process of the mummification would take 70 days in total. The body then would be sealed in the pharaoh’s body shaped coffin. In fact the body was put into 3 coffins. 2 made out of wood and the final one pure gold. After 70 days of process, the pharaoh is taken to his tomb and receives the opening of the mouth ceremony. Finally the body is sealed and the gods are left alone with the pharaoh to protect the body. RELIGION AND THE AFTERLIFE The pharaoh’s religion was the most crucial part of his ruling time. He was considered a living god, therefore his way of living was a role model to those below him. The previous pharaoh before Tutankhamen disobeyed all gods but himself. This caused unhappiness in the public and when Tutankhamen came into power, he revived the religious beliefs of the kingdom. The Egyptians believed that in the afterlife, pharaohs would become gods and their hearts would be weighted in line with a feather, if the heart is heavier than the feather than the pharaohs would not gain access.

Yuri Knorozov A Difficult Student - 1250 Words

Yuri Knorozov was born in 1922 in Kharkiv, Russia. Although Yuri’s parents were Russian intellectuals, he spent a majority of his younger life as a delinquent. Yuri has been described as â€Å"a difficult student† and was even on the boarder of being expelled from education for misbehavior when it suddenly became clear that his inquisitive temperament and extreme accuracy with attention to detail became outstandingly noticeable. In 1940, at the age of 17, Yuri left his home in Kharkiv for one in Moscow. His travel to Moscow eventually got him enrolled in Moscow State University where he studied under the newly created Department of Ethnology. The major of his study was Egyptology, and later he came to specialize in that field. However, his undergrad study was cut short as WWII came to Russia and Yuri was drafted into war in 1943. From 1943 until 1945, Yuri fought for the Red Army of Russia as an artillery spotter (a person in war who is responsible for directing artille ry or mortar fire into enemy lines). In the autumn of 1945, he returned to his studies at Moscow State University in order to complete his courses. At the time, he displayed particular interest in the study of ancient writing systems. During his duration at Moscow State University, he spent a great deal of time devoted to the studying of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. This interest led him to one of his more preferred professors. This professor then helped turn Yuri’s attention from Egyptian Hieroglyphics to Mayan